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Parish constable
A Parish constable was a law enforcement officer, usually unpaid and part-time, serving a parish. In some parishes, the position was known as "high constable", e.g. the High Constable of Holborn.
In London, the position was ended with the introduction of the Metropolitan Police Service in 1829, which created a full-time professional force. Elsewhere, parish constables were gradually replaced with professional county police forces after the County Police Act 1839 was passed. Parish constables derived most of their powers from their local parish.
==History of the position==
The office of constable has its origins in the medieval period; it originates from the Latin ''comes stabuli'', or "count of the stable". The term was originally used in England and Scotland for the Lord High Constable, one of the Great Officers of State responsible for the command of the army; however, the term was also used at the local level within the feudal system, describing an officer appointed to keep order.〔p72, Bruce, Alistair, ''Keepers of the Kingdom'' (Cassell, 2002), ISBN 0-304-36201-8〕
In 1285 King Edward I of England "constituted two constables in every hundred to prevent defaults in towns and highways".〔p276-7, Markham, Sir Frank, ''History of Milton Keynes and District'', vol.1 (1973), ISBN 0-900804-29-7〕 There are records of parish constables by the 17th century in the county records of Buckinghamshire; traditionally they were elected by the parishioners, but from 1617 onwards were typically appointed by justices of the peace in each county.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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